The Kalker book of tables for non-Hertzian contact of wheel and rail

A new regularisation of non-elliptical contact patches has been introduced, which enables building the look-up table called by us the Kalker book of tables for non-Hertzian contact (KBTNH), which is a fast creep force generator that can be used by multibody dynamics system simulation programs. The non-elliptical contact patch is regularised by a simple double-elliptical contact region (SDEC). The SDEC region is especially suitable for regularisation of contact patches obtained with approximate non-Hertzian methods for solving the normal contact problem of wheel and rail. The new regularisation is suitable for wheels and rails with any profiles, including worn profiles.

The paper describes the new procedure of regularisation of the non-elliptical contact patch, the structure of the Kalker book of tables, and parameterisation of the independent variables of the tables and creep forces.

A moderate volume Kalker book of tables for SDEC region suitable for simulation of modern running gears has been computed in co-simulation of Matlab and program CONTACT.

To access the creep forces of the Kalker book of tables, the linear interpolation has been applied.

The creep forces obtained from KBTNH have been compared to those obtained by program CONTACT and FASTSIM algorithm. FASTSIM has been applied on both the contact ellipse and the SDEC contact patch. The comparison shows that KBTNH is in good agreement with CONTACT for a wide range of creepage condition and shapes of the contact patch, whereas the use of FASTSIM on the elliptical patch and SDEC may lead to significant deviations from the reference CONTACT solutions.

The computational cost of calling creep forces from KBTNH has been estimated by comparing CPU time of FASTSIM and KBTNH. The KBTNH is 7.8–51 times faster than FASTSIM working on 36–256 discretisation elements, respectively.

In the example of application, the KBTNH has been applied for curving simulations and results compared with those obtained with the creep force generator employing the elliptical regularisation. The results significantly differ, especially in predicted creepages, because the elliptical regularisation neglects generation of the longitudinal creep force by spin creepage.     

Dynamic simulation of train–truck collision at level crossings

Trains crashing onto heavy road vehicles stuck across rail tracks are more likely occurrences at level crossings due to ongoing increase in the registration of heavy vehicles and these long heavy vehicles getting caught in traffic after partly crossing the boom gate; these incidents lead to significant financial losses and societal costs. This paper presents an investigation of the dynamic responses of trains under frontal collision on road trucks obliquely stuck on rail tracks at level crossings. This study builds a nonlinear three-dimensional multi-body dynamic model of a passenger train colliding with an obliquely stuck road truck on a ballasted track. The model is first benchmarked against several train dynamics packages and its predictions of the dynamic response and derailment potential are shown rational. A geometry-based derailment assessment criterion is applied to evaluate the derailment behaviour of the frontal obliquely impacted trains under different conditions. Sensitivities of several key influencing parameters, such as the train impact speed, the truck mass, the friction at truck tyres, the train–truck impact angle, the contact friction at the collision zone, the wheel/rail friction and the train suspension are reported.     

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大型船舶推进轴系扭振特性仿真和试验

基于多体动力学耦合理论结合有限元理论,以1艘大型船舶为研究对象,建立其推进轴系的刚柔耦合多体动力学仿真模型,对大型低转速推进轴系在工作中的扭振特性进行研究。在仿真计算的基础上,利用扭振测试系统对实船的扭振进行测量,并从多个谐次将轴系扭振的仿真计算值与试验测量值进行对比和分析。分析结果表明,通过仿真计算得到的轴系扭转振动变化趋势与实际测量值基本相符,验证了仿真模型的正确性和可行性。同时,通过Adams/Virbration模块分析了船体变形对轴系扭振的影响,证明了船体变形会导致轴系扭转振动增大。     

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基于Ablow和Schechter经典差分方法,分析水下非均质拖曳线列阵的受力特性,建立其空间运动控制方程.采用中心差分法和牛顿迭代法对运动控制方程进行离散及时间和空间上的迭代求解,获得水下非均质拖曳线列阵的动力学特性.在此基础上,结合非均质线列阵实尺度模型,设计并开展湖中的实航拖曳试验,分析比较了试验数据与仿真结果.研究表明,本文提出的数学仿真方法有效可靠,可为水下非均质拖曳线列阵动力学特性分析提供一种有效的技术手段.     

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动力性、经济性是评价车辆性能的重要指标,也是产品开发过程中需要重点考虑的内容。针对某款重卡车的动力性、经济性,利用AVL的计算分析软件Cruise进行仿真分析,并将计算结果与实验结果进行对比,结果吻合较好。在此模型基础上,对拓展车型的多种匹配方案进行优化分析计算,并确定最佳方案。     

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